While cognitive enhancement appears attainable in a number of domains, evidence of transfer remains severely limited 1.
Evidence for transfer, the replication or application of an enhanced ability in a context other than that of the training paradigm, is largely lacking 1.Ĭognitive enhancement paradigms typically target given function or set of cognitive abilities, train them in a given paradigm, and then use standardized tests and outcome measures to demonstrate cognitive enhancement and transfer. While there is a burgeoning interest in these techniques and technologies, one major issue is still to be addressed. Of the numerous domains in which neuroscience is being widely applied, learning and cognitive enhancement figure prominently in both scientific research and popular culture. This type of learning paradigm could contribute to overcoming one of the fundamental limitations of neurofeedback and other cognitive enhancement techniques, a lack of observable transfer effects, by utilizing a method that can be directly integrated into the context in which improved performance is sought. Superior performance persists even once the feedback signal is removed, which suggests that the effects of enhanced training are consolidated and do not rely on continued feedback. Results demonstrate that, over 10 sessions, when manipulating this novel task by using real-time brain signals, speed and degree of learning can be substantially improved compared with a classic learning system or an active sham-control group. This paper provides the framework and supporting evidence for a highly efficient closed-loop paradigm that modifies a classic learning scenario using real-time brain activity in order to improve learning performance in a perceptual-cognitive training paradigm known as 3-dimensional multiple object tracking, or 3D-MOT.
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